Effects of temperature and a manipulative parasite on the swimming behaviour of Gammarus pulex in flowing water

Numerous freshwater acanthocephalans are able to alter the behaviour of their intermediate hosts increase predation risk by final hosts, thereby enhancing trophic transmission between two hosts. Because temperature is widely expected impact host-parasite interactions, we investigated how it can affect movements both uninfected and Pomphorhynchus laevis-infected Gammarus pulex in an artificial stream 5 cm/s water flow. We found that P. laevis infection G. induced higher frequency amplitude along stream. Moreover, at warmer (21°C), moved more than 15°C. In this regard, could then gammarids distribution rate toward definitive host ecosystems. Firstly, study provides new insights into key factor influences species Secondly, elevated did not influence intensity manipulation host. This work highlights might infected or with no direct effect on acanthocephalan through manipulation.